abstract：:The primary purpose of this investigation was to compare 31 competitive female swimmers with 31 competitive male swimmers on their perceptual responses to submaximal swimming. A secondary purpose was to evaluate the relationship between heart rate (HR) and perceived exertion (RPE) in swimming. Each swimmer completed a...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Koltyn KF,O'Connor PJ,Morgan WP

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this investigation was to determine the oxygen consumption, heart rate and plasma lactate responses at the fatigue threshold (FT) and estimate the length of time the FT could be maintained. Ten adult males (mean age +/- SD = 21.1 +/- 1.3 yrs) volunteered to perform a maximal treadmill test and FT test. ...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Housh TJ,Johnson GO,McDowell SL,Housh DJ,Pepper M

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study compared the bowel function, fecal hemoglobin (Hb) loss, iron status and diets of 36 women of varying activity levels. In addition, we examined the effect of a marathon race on bowel function and fecal Hb loss in 15 of these women. The subjects were divided into 4 groups based on estimated daily exercise en...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Lampe JW,Slavin JL,Apple FS

更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We used continuous electrocardiographic monitoring according to Holter's method for a tentative evaluation of the prognostic value of the main electrocardiographic peculiarities of the "athlete's heart". Five hundred and eighty-seven Holter recordings were performed in 164 top athletes divided into three groups: dynam...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Carre F,Chignon JC

更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The study was performed on healthy volunteers subjected to submaximal physical exercise (75% VO2max). Activities of catalase (CT) (EC 1.11.1.6), glutathione peroxidase (GPO) (EC 1.11.1.9), superoxide dismutase (ZnCu-SOD) (EC 1.15.1.1) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentration in blood platelets before and after physic...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Buczynski A,Kedziora J,Tkaczewski W,Wachowicz B

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a reduced ventilatory frequency (Vf) on blood gases and acid-base changes during three intensities of cycling exercise. VO2max and lactate threshold workload (LaT) of six subjects were assessed on a Monark ergometer. Experimental rides were performed 1) with no ...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Sharp RL,Williams DJ,Bevan L

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One hundred and three women who were habitual distance runners and 74 age-matched physically inactive women provided three-day diet records. Intergroup differences in intakes of energy nutrients, micronutrients, cholesterol and fiber were evaluated via analysis of variance and, to assess qualitative differences, via a...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Pate RR,Sargent RG,Baldwin C,Burgess ML

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To study the effects of long-term, home-based exercise on physical fitness and cardiovascular risk factors of middle-aged nonsmoking males, a controlled study was conducted in 61 sedentary Swiss men. Thirty-nine men were randomly allocated to jog 2 h/week for 4 months on an individually prescribed and heart-rate-contr...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Suter E,Marti B,Tschopp A,Wanner HU,Wenk C,Gutzwiller F

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationship between running intensity and the accumulation of hypoxanthine and uric acid in plasma was studied in four well-trained runners. The runners each performed several 800-m runs at different velocities, each run being performed on separate days. Venous blood samples were collected before and at regular i...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Sjödin B,Hellsten Westing Y

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study evaluated the accuracy of predicting velocity and oxygen consumption (VO2) at the LT lactate threshold and FBLC fixed blood lactate concentrations from a 3200-m time trial in women. Forty-four women (mean age = 31.1 yrs, mean ht = 164.9 cm, mean wt = 65.0 kg) completed a treadmill protocol for the de...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Weltman A,Seip R,Bogardus AJ,Snead D,Dowling E,Levine S,Weltman J,Rogol A

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (H-P-T) axis was evaluated in groups of endurance-trained (TRG) and untrained (UNT) males. Each group was subjected to: 1) a 4-h resting hormonal profile [testosterone (T), free-testosterone (FT), estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and cortisol (C)], 2) a d...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Hackney AC,Sinning WE,Bruot BC

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of 60%-95% of maximal heart rate (HR), heart rate reserve (HRR) and VO2max as exercise training intensities was examined in male runners, and these intensities were related to VO2 observed at the lactate threshold (LT) and fixed blood lactate concentrations (FBLC) of 2.0, 2.5, and 4.0 mM. Thirty-one subjects (...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Weltman A,Snead D,Seip R,Schurrer R,Weltman J,Rutt R,Rogol A

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty-six male runners aged 14-16 years not yet specifically trained for sprint or middle-distance running performed a field test with distances of 25 m, 75 m, and 1000 m. Before the field test they were designated as sprinters (n = 19) and middle-distance runners (n = 7) according to their self-assessment and the es...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Hageloch W,Schneider S,Weicker H

更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present paper reviews evidence for the role of specific amino acids in the etiology of fatigue and the overtraining syndrome in athletes. An increase in the plasma concentration ratio of free tryptophan: branched-chain amino acids may mediate an increase in 5-HT synthesis in the brain and thus induce fatigue durin...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Parry-Billings M,Blomstrand E,McAndrew N,Newsholme EA

更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of eighteen healthy old women with 88 style Taichiquan exercise was studied. When compared with eighteen old women without exercise, the training group showed a decreased frequency of SCE in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes at r...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Sun XH,Xu Y,Xu SQ

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Controversy exists as to whether plasma volume (PV) expansion has the potential to increase maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). In the present study, VO2max and exercise time to fatigue were measured in nine untrained men when plasma volume (PV) was normal and then again on the next day following two levels of PV expansio...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Coyle EF,Hopper MK,Coggan AR

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to assess the changes in the cellular immune system, 27 healthy male subjects were selected who participate in leisure-time sports and in whom measurements of the lymphocyte subsets in venous blood were carried out before and after a standardized endurance exercise test (EI, 60 minutes in length, intensity: 6...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Ricken KH,Rieder T,Hauck G,Kindermann W

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulse oximetry allows non-invasive monitoring of arterial oxygen saturation (SO2). To study the validity of pulse oximetry, comparative measurements were performed. During exhaustion limited exercise SO2-values measured by pulse oximetry (SO2puls), calculated SO2-values (algorithms of Kelman, Severinghaus, and Siggaar...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Breuer HW,Groeben H,Schöndeling H,Worth H

更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hemoglobin oxygen binding properties and acid-base status were investigated in Colombian athletes (A) and controls (C) from Cali (C-1000 m) and Bogotá (B-2600 m). [Hb] and Hct values were not influenced by altitude, but Hct was lower in the blood of athletes (in Cali 2.6%, in Bogotá 1.4%). Both training and altitude p...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Schmidt W,Dahners HW,Correa R,Ramirez R,Rojas J,Böning D

更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The O2 equivalent of lactic acid accumulation in blood was estimated from data on ten subjects acclimatized to altitudes up to 6500 m in the course of a Mt. Everest expedition. The calculated value of the O2 equivalent of La by standard least squares regression was 2.07 +/- 0.4 l O2 for a rise of blood lactic acid con...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Cerretelli P,Binzoni T

更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of 60 h without sleep upon maximal oxygen intake was examined in 12 young women, using a cycle ergometer protocol. The arousal of the subjects was maintained by requiring the performance of a sequence of cognitive tasks throughout the experimental period. Well-defined oxygen intake plateaus were obtained bo...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Goodman J,Radomski M,Hart L,Plyley M,Shephard RJ

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have reviewed carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle with an emphasis on recent information. In this review a significant number of points have been made. These are summarized below. 1. CP and glycogen are concomitantly metabolized during short-term (less than or equal to 10 s) intense exercise. 2. Both epineph...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Bonen A,McDermott JC,Hutber CA

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the supine posture, immersion, and swimming on hormones involved in the regulation of hydrosaline equilibrium. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), arginine vasopressin (AVP), plasma renin activity (PRA), and aldosterone (ALDO) were measured by radioim...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Viti A,Lupo C,Lodi L,Bonifazi M,Martelli G

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 14 junior elite Olympic weight lifters and 14 controls (means +/- Se, age = 18.4 +/- 0.5 and 17.8 +/- 0.4 years, weight = 76.5 +/- 3.6 and 78.8 +/- 3.3 kg, % fat = 6.5% +/- 0.8% and 11.5% +/- 1.7%, respectively). Controls were individually matched to the lifters to w...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Fleck SJ,Henke C,Wilson W

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A field test for the determination of anaerobic threshold (AT) based on the relationship between work intensity and heart rate was previously developed in adult runners (4) and then applied in various sports activities (3, 5, 9). In the current study the same relationship between running speed (S) and heart rate (HR) ...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Ballarin E,Borsetto C,Cellini M,Patracchini M,Vitiello P,Ziglio PG,Conconi F

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One hundred fourteen subjects (34 +/- 8 years) without any competition background took part in an endurance training study to be completed after 1.5 years with running a marathon. Ultimately, 60 males and 18 females achieved that goal. The training program, carefully supervised, was divided into three phases with a ma...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Verstappen FT,Janssen GM,Does RJ

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The influence of exercise training on plasma amino acid concentrations at rest and after exercise was examined in a highly trained group of humans and compared with the response of a control group of nontrained healthy humans. After a bout of intense exercise at the same relative work load, the trained group exhibited...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Einspahr KJ,Tharp G

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluid-regulating hormones [arginine vasopressin (AVP) and aldosterone] as well as electrolytes, plasma volume (PV), and plasma proteins were studied in 16 well-trained male amateur runners (mean age 31.8 years) before t0), immediately after (t1), and 60 min (t2) and 22 h (t3) after a marathon run. Immediately after th...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Röcker L,Kirsch KA,Heyduck B,Altenkirch HU

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T-lymphocytes were determined by rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes in the peripheral blood obtained from 30 healthy aged subjects who were practicing Taichiquan (88 style) exercise and 30 age-matched normal aged who served as a control group. At rest the total number of T-lymphocytes and the number of active T...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Sun XS,Xu Y,Xia YJ

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Within a 3-year period, from 1980 to 1982, 1124 sports injuries of children aged 6-15 years were treated in the Turku University Central Hospital casualty department. Two-thirds (69%) of the injuries were sustained by boys. Sports injuries represented 21% of the diagnoses related to accidents in this age group. Half o...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Kvist M,Kujala UM,Heinonen OJ,Vuori IV,Aho AJ,Pajulo O,Hintsa A,Parvinen T

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seventeen healthy male volunteers participated in this study designed to compare arterial with both arterialized venous and venous lactate kinetics after short exercise. Blood samples drawn before, during, and after bicycle exercise were analyzed continuously for lactate. A mathematical function incorporating two expo...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Oyono-Enguelle S,Gartner M,Marbach J,Heitz A,Ott C,Freund H

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Considerable interindividual variation in the response of blood pressure to exercise has been found. In this study the response of systolic blood pressure during a progressive maximal bicycle ergometer test was investigated in 747 physically active male subjects over age of 40 years with normal, borderline elevated, a...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Wijnen JA,van Baak MA,Tan ES,Bovens AM,Vrencken JG,Verstappen FT

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A prospective study of acute injuries from sports and physical exercise was carried out during 1 year in a total population of a municipality with 31,620 inhabitants. Data on exposure were collected: the number of participants in each sport, the hours of participation, and number of weeks in the season per year. The n...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： de Loës M,Goldie I

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To identify the risk factors of injuries in handball, 221 players were followed during one indoor season. The injury incidence was 4.6/1000 playing hours and 11.4/1000 game hours. The upper extremity was involved in 41% of the injuries including 21% finger sprains. Ankle sprains were the most common injury (33%), and ...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Nielsen AB,Yde J

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Secretory IgA (S-IgA) levels in stimulated salvia were measured before and after a maximal treadmill test in a population of 175 young adults (84 men, 91 women). Habitual physical activity levels of this population were measured by a standardized interview, and scores were obtained for the amount of time and intensity...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Schouten WJ,Verschuur R,Kemper HC

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endocrine and neuromuscular effects of prolonged strength training were investigated in 21 strength-trained male subjects during the course of a 24-week progressive strength training and during a subsequent detraining period of 12 weeks. Maximal isometric leg extensor force increased by 19% (P less than 0.001) during ...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Alén M,Pakarinen A,Häkkinen K,Komi PV

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The postural control of ten male soccer players with functional instability (FI) of the ankle joint, i.e., recurrent sprains and/or a feeling of giving way, was studied before and after ankle disk training. Postural control was studied by means of stabilometry and an optoelectronic movement recording system. In the pr...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Gauffin H,Tropp H,Odenrick P

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this investigation was to study the attitude toward physical activity in young patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and the influence of 2 weeks of training on physical fitness and spirometric values. Two groups of CF patients with mean ages of 11 and 15 years, respectively (total of 13 patients, range 9-...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Stanghelle JK,Winnem M,Roaldsen K,de Wit S,Notgewitch JH,Nilsen BR

更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male (n = 9) and female (n = 8) collegiate cross-country runners were studied during a training session to determine the amount of iron lost in the sweat. Sweat samples were collected from the arm using polyethylene bags. Total sweat loss was determined by weighing subjects before and after the runs. Average time of s...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： Lamanca JJ,Haymes EM,Daly JA,Moffatt RJ,Waller MF

更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two well-trained speed-skaters were subjected to a biomechanical analysis incorporating push-off forces, cinematographic data, and link segment modeling. To gain knowledge on the backgrounds on technique and performance in speed-skating, the muscle coordination was studied by EMG and muscle contraction velocities. In ...

journal_title：International journal of sports medicine

authors： de Boer RW,Cabri J,Vaes W,Clarijs JP,Hollander AP,de Groot G,van Ingen Schenau GJ

更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00